Literature On Yoga And Dysmenorrhea

Writing On Yoga And Dysmenorrhea An incredible writing is essentially a result of inquisitive personalities in rebellion against the unfaltering certainities of country - Mecken H.C. Writing serves various significant capacities in the exploration procedure. It causes the scientist to produce thoughts or to concentrate on an examination subject. It additionally can be valuable in bringing up the examination plan, procedure, which means of devices and sort of measurable investigation that may be gainful in seeking after the exploration issue. Audit of writing of the current investigation is organized under the accompanying headings. Audit identified with dysmenorrhea Studies identified with dysmenorrhea Survey identified with yoga Studies identified with yoga on stress and dysmenorrhea Audit RELATED TO DYSMENORRHEA DYSMENORRHEA Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological ailment portrayed by serious uterine agony because of excruciating spasms during feminine cycle. Menstrual spasms typically last from a couple of hours to a few days and simplicity as the cycle advances. Sorts OF DYSMENORRHEA Essential dysmenorrhea Optional dysmenorrhea Essential DYSMENORRHEA Essential dysmenorrhea implies torment repeated consistently or inside a year or two of the principal pubescence. Auxiliary DYSMENORRHEA It is related with gynecological clutters, for example, endometriosis or pelvic variations from the norm. Agony starts a very long time after periods began. Optional dysmenorrhea can be brought about by the accompanying: Endometriosis. Blood and tissue being released through a restricted cervix. Uterine fibroid or ovarian sore. Diseases of the uterus. Pelvic fiery sickness (PID). Intrauterine gadget (IUD). Essential DYSMENORRHEA The reasons for essential dysmenorrhea are: Solid uterine withdrawals which is animated by expanded creation of the hormone prostaglandin by the coating of the uterus (endometrium). Nervousness and stress. Blood and tissue being released through a thin cervix. Uprooted uterus. Absence of activity. Related components in essential dysmenorrhea Utilization of caffeine or nicotine. Stress. The level of dysmenorrhea may fluctuate as indicated by general wellbeing or mental state. While passionate or mental components dont cause the torment, they can decline it or cause a few ladies to be less receptive to treatment. Family ancestry of dysmenorrhea. Absence of activity; horrible eating routine. Signs and manifestations The runs (every so often) or blockage. Perspiring. Queasiness and heaving (in some cases). Squeezing sharp agonies in the lower midsection, lower back and thighs. Agony begins at the beginning of menses and goes on for a considerable length of time to days. Absence of vitality. Urinary recurrence. Crabbiness, anxiety, discouragement. Blacking out. Migraines. The executives Wholesome Wholesome enhancements like omega-3 unsaturated fats (fat mixes found in sleek fish, for example, salmon and fish), magnesium, nutrient E, zinc, and thiamine (nutrient B1) are compelling in rewarding dysmenorrhea. Admission of a lot of entire grains, new products of the soil, and staying away from soaked fats and business low quality nourishments is additionally advantageous. Restricting salt may assist with diminishing swelling. Decrease caffeine, sugar, and liquor admission will help in lessening the danger of dysmenorrhea. Non-steroidal mitigating drugs (NSAIDs) The torment of essential dysmenorrheal is diminished by non-steroidal calming drugs. Anti-inflamatory medicine is the most well-known NSAID Non-tranquilize treatments Yoga Therapy, work out, needle therapy, pressure point massage, social treatment, Transcutaneous electric nerve incitement (TENS) and chiropractic care are powerful in rewarding dysmenorrhea. Yogic Management The pigeon represent, the legend represent the most ideal method of quieting the musings and loosening up the body and wide squat posture is extremely valuable in decreasing the hip agony. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Transcutaneous electric nerve incitement (TENS) is a method of treatment which uses low-level electrical heartbeats to smother back torment. The standard methodology is to offer 80 to 100 heartbeats for every second, for 45 minutes, three times each day. STUDIES RELATED TO DYSMENORRHEA Liliwat et al (2006) directed an investigation to decide the commonness of dysmenorrhea, its related components and its consequences for school exercises among juvenile young ladies in an optional school in a rustic locale of Selangor, Malaysia. The pervasiveness of dysmenorrhea was 62.3%. It was essentially higher in the center youthfulness (15 to 17 years of age) age gathering, young ladies with customary menstrual cycle and a positive family ancestry. There was no huge relationship with mean period of menarche and span of monthly cycle. The quantity of school and class nonattendances expanded with expanding seriousness of dysmenorrhea. The mean agony score was fundamentally higher in young ladies who answered to be not able to take an interest in sports and with helpless fixation in class. Dysmenorrhea among the youthful young ladies was seen as normal. It had huge negative effect in their school execution and exercises. Wilson et al (2003) expressed that most of the female teenagers have been distinguished dysmenorrhea and premenstrual side effects as issues that influence the scholarly exhibition and a significant factor for school truancy. They reviewed eighty-eight female secondary school young people in two separate physical training classes at secondary school teenagers in Pune for the predominance of dysmenorrhea and premenstrual manifestations. The outcomes indicated that 86% (76 out of 88) had premenstrual side effects and 91% (80 out of 88) had dysmenorrhea and the greater part of the young ladies were uninformed of the causes and medicines of these side effects. Accordingly, a model was intended to instruct young ladies in self improvement strategies and to screen for and identify these issues. Dittakarn et al (2003) led an investigation to decide the predominance of dysmenorrheal and its effect on school participation, scholastic execution, social exercises and information on treatment in Thai young people. Dysmenorrhea was a huge general medical issue. It affected scholarly exercises. The majority of the subjects realized that Paracetamol is the medication that help to alleviation their side effects. Anil K Agarwal Anju Agarwal (2002) directed an explorative examination to evaluate the commonness of dysmenorrhea its seriousness with related manifestations in secondary school pre-adult young ladies of the age bunch inside 15 to 20 years at Gwalior. They reasoned that the predominance of dysmenorrhea was 79.67% and dominant part of them, 37.96%, experienced normally dysmenorrhea seriousness. The three most regular indications present on day prior and first day of monthly cycle were dormancy, sluggishness, gloom, powerlessness to move in work. Wilson (2002) directed an investigation to survey the predominance of dysmenorrhea among young people of 14-16 years in Switzerland utilizing poll. Among 327 cases, 185 cases (56.6%) detailed dysmenorrhea. Among them 95 (31.7%) had mellow dysmenorrhea, 45(15%) had moderate dysmenorrhea and 17 (5.7%) had serious dysmenorrhea. Martin et al (2001) directed an investigation to survey the pervasiveness and seriousness of dysmenorrhea among teenagers. A 95-thing menstrual Assessment Form was managed to 207 rural based immature females in Turkey. Subjects had a mean time of 17.6 years, 89% were white, 59% were in secondary school, and 28% were in school. Practically all subjects detailed dysmenorrhea (96%) or moderate (89%) seriousness; while many revealed transforms they thought about extreme (59%) or extraordinary (43%). The most normally announced changes in state of being were general inconvenience, water maintenance indications, weariness, and autonomic physical changes. The most usually announced changes in state of mind and conduct included weakened social capacity, burdensome changes, and rash conduct. These progressions were generally serious in those teenagers who announced having dysmenorrhea. Banikarim et al (2000) directed an investigation to decide the commonness of dysmenorrhea among Hispanic female teenagers its effect on scholarly execution, school participation, and sports and social exercises; and its administration. An aggregate of 706 Hispanic female teenagers, in grades nine to twelve, finished a 31-thing survey about the nearness, span, seriousness, treatment, and restrictions of dysmenorrhea at a neighborhood urban secondary school. Dysmenorrhea was exceptionally predominant among Hispanic youths and was identified with school non-attendance and constraints on social, scholastic, and sports exercises. A large portion of the young people didn't look for clinical guidance for dysmenorrhea. Hillen et al (1999) directed an investigation to investigate the predominance of dysmenorrhea and its effect on school, donning, social exercises, the executives procedures, and their insight into accessible treatment among senior secondary school young ladies in Perth, Western Australia. An aggregate of 388 female understudies in Grades 11 and 12 at three metropolitan optional schools finished a mysterious poll directed during class time. it was discovered that the pervasiveness and effect of dysmenorrhea was high, and they need information and experience of viable treatment. Wellbeing training measures were expected to forestall pointless misery and interference to class schedule. Audit RELATED TO YOGA Prologue to yoga Yoga is getting famous in all pieces of the world. For the fretful brain it gives comfort; For the debilitated it is an aid; For the regular man it is the style of the day to keep him fit and wonderful. Some utilization it for improving memory knowledge and imagination with its multifold favorable circumstances it is turning into a piece of training. Authorities use it to unfurl further layers of cognizance in their move towards flawlessness. Definition The term yoga originates from a Sanskrit word which means burden or association. Customarily, yoga is a technique getting the individual self together with the Divine, Universal Spirit, or Cosmic Consciousness. Physical and mental activities are intended to help accomplish this objective, likewise called self-amazing quality or edification. On the physical level, yoga stances, called asanas, are intended to tone, reinforce, and adjust the body. These stances are performed to make the spine graceful, solid a

Main types of state and independent schools.

1.1 Identify the primary kinds of state and free schools. 1.2 Describe the qualities of the various sorts of schools according to instructive stages and school governance.Community schools These are controlled by the Local Education Authority and are subsidized by the state by means of the nearby power. These schools follow the national educational program. The LEA generally possesses and has obligation regarding all structures and premises just as utilizing staff and admissions.Voluntary controlled schools These schools have a strict association (overwhelmingly Church of England) and are financed by focal government through the nearby position. The LEA are liable for the land and structures in spite of the fact that these are regularly possessed by a magnanimous establishment who likewise delegate about a fourth of the schools governors. The LEA are liable for utilizing staff and confirmations and students follow the national curriculum.Voluntary helped schools These schools additio nally have a strict association and are generally subsidized by the state albeit a trust or establishment, spoke to by an extent of the schools governors, give a few assets to structures and so on. These schools have more self-sufficiency than willful controlled schools and the governors are liable for utilizing staff and confirmations. They follow the national educational plan and are likewise exhorted and bolstered by the LEA.Foundation schools These are state financed by means of the LEA, who additionally have duty regarding structures and premises just as educational program and a supporting and warning job. Governors are answerable for utilizing staff.Free schools These are state supported straightforwardly without any connects to the LEA. Governors are answerable for utilizing staff and affirmations just as structures and premises. Understudies don't follow the national educational program. This sort of school can be set up by any gathering applying to the legislature, however they should stick to exacting rules.Academies State supported with no connection to LEA. Governors are answerable for utilizing staff and affirmations just as structures and premises. understudies don't need to follow the national educational plan however should meet the center subject prerequisites. They are self overseeing and most are comprised as enlisted good cause and may likewise have corporate sponsors.Independent (non-public schools) Privately financed and ordinarily charge paying. The proprietors are answerable for structures and premises just as utilizing staff and confirmations. they don't need to follow the national educational plan yet they must be enlisted with the Department for Education and reviewed by an autonomous schools inspectorate.Educational Stages and Age GroupsNursery and Reception Year 1 and 2 Year 3-6 Year 7-9 Years 10 and 11 Years 12 and 13foundation 3-5yrs key stage 1 5-7yrs key stage 2 7-11yrs key stage 3 11-14yrs key stage 4 14-16yrs key stage 5 16- 18yrs Nursery 3-4Infants 4 5-7Junior7-11Primary 4 5 7-11Secondary11 14-16 may have 6th structure First 4 5 7-8 or 9Middle8 or 9 11-13Upper13-166th structure college16-18 Special schools all age ranges and stages

Sexual Offences Act 2003

One of the main thrusts behind the formation of the Sexual Offenses Act 2003 was the low conviction rate on attackers. In 1999 9,008 assault cases were accounted for and just 1 out of 13 brought about a conviction . Inside this exposition I will talk about whether the progressions presented by the Sexual Offenses Act 2003 add more noteworthy lucidity to the territory of assault. So as to completely comprehend this inquiry one should initially characterize assault. The standard meaning of assault is â€Å"unlawful sex with a lady who at the hour of intercourse doesn't assent . I state standard in light of the fact that with each Sexual Act the meaning of assault has changed here and there. At the point when assault was first presented as a legal offense in the Offenses Against the Person Act 1861 it just expressed that ‘it is a lawful offense to assault a lady . ’ The Sexual Offenses Act 2003 currently characterizes assault as the ‘intentional infiltration of the v agina, rear-end, or mouth of someone else who doesn't assent . ’ Each Sexual Offenses Act endeavors to additionally explain the territory of assault. The primary change in the Sexual Offenses Act 2003 needs to manage the definition and the territory of assent. The Sexual Offenses Act of 1956 explains, as it were, on the region of assault; it goes more inside and out where assault is worried than the Offenses Against the Person Act 1861. The Sexual Offenses Act 1956 states: â€Å"Rape of a man or lady (1)It is an offense for a man to assault a lady or another man. (2)A man submits assault if†(a)he has sex with an individual (regardless of whether vaginal or butt-centric) who at the hour of the intercourse doesn't agree to it; and (b)at the time he realizes that the individual doesn't agree to the intercourse or is careless concerning whether that individual agrees to it. 3)A man likewise submits assault in the event that he instigates a wedded lady to have sex with him by mimicking her better half. (4)Subsection (2) applies with the end goal of any establishment. † Like Offenses Against the Person Act 1861, this demonstration likewise neglected to explain or to provide further guidance on the matter of assent. Consequently, it w as still up to the â€Å"judiciary to decide the constituent components and build up the elements that may vitiate a clear assent. † In 1975 the instance of DPP v Morgan provoked Parliament to change this demonstration so as to endeavor to explain the zone of assent. The revision to this demonstration is found in the Sexual Offenses Act 1976. This demonstration states: (1)For the reasons for segment 1 of the M1Sexual Offenses Act 1956 (which identifies with assault) a man submits assault if†(a)he has unlawful sex with a lady who at the hour of the intercourse doesn't agree to it; and (b)at that time he realizes that she doesn't agree to the intercourse or he is careless regarding whether she agrees to it; and references to assault in different establishments (counting the accompanying arrangements of this Act) will be translated as needs be. 2)It is therefore proclaimed that if at a preliminary for an assault offense the jury needs to think about whether as a man accepted that a lady was consenting to sex, the nearness or nonattendance of sensible reason for such a conviction is an issue to which the jury is to have respect, related to some other important issues, in thinking about whether he so accepted. † For the situation of DPP v M organ the spouse welcomed three companions over to engage in sexual relations with his significant other. He disclosed to them that she may be acting like she was opposing however she was in reality just pretending. In spite of the fact that the spouse battled against them they despite everything engaged in sexual relations with her since they were under the conviction that she had assented. They were attempted with assault. The judge’s comment to the jury essentially was on the off chance that you accept that the spouse didn't assent, at that point the respondents conviction that she did in fact assent isn't a safeguard. They were totally sentenced for assault. Because of the turmoil brought about by this case area 1(2) (as appeared above) of the Sexual Offenses Act 1976 was made. This gives a meaning of mens rea with respect to assent . In spite of the fact that this demonstration attempted to additionally explain assent and the significance of assault there were still some tweaking that must be done to it. For example it characterizes assault however it doesn’t set up the need to show that there was â€Å"force, dread, or misrepresentation influencing the woman’s assent. † The Jury was simply taught to give assent its customary importance. That being expressed this demonstration additionally neglected to give a lawful meaning of assent. These progressions were made in the Sexual Offenses Act 2003. The Sexual Offenses Act 2003 states: â€Å" Rape (1) An individual (A) submits an offense if†a) he purposefully enters the vagina, rear-end or mouth of someone else (B) with his penis, (b) B doesn't agree to the infiltration, and (c) A doesn't sensibly accept that B assents. (2) Whether a conviction is sensible is to be resolved having respect to all the conditions, including any means A has tak en to discover whether B assents. (3) Sections 75 and 76 apply to an offense under this area. (4) An individual blameworthy of an offense under this area is at risk, on conviction on arraignment, to detainment forever. † Although these progressions were made does it really add clearness to the region of assault? The primary change that must be referenced is the incorporation of oral as a point where entrance can happen. This was incorporated on the grounds that it was concluded that oral sex was simply â€Å"as despicable belittling and damaging an infringement and similarly, if not more mentally destructive than vaginal and butt-centric assault . † Secondly, area 1(1) of this demonstration makes assault sexual orientation explicit. Since it expresses that infiltration must be finished with a penis then no one but guys can submit assault. Along these lines, ladies can't legitimately be accused of assault however on the off chance that they go about as an assistant of a male attacker, at that point they can be accused of â€Å"causing an individual to take part in sexual movement †. Despite the fact that this segment shows that a lady can't be an attacker area 79(3) which state, â€Å"references to a piece of the body incorporate references to a section carefully developed (specifically, through sex reassignment medical procedure), † is a deviation of this standard this shows on the off chance that it is a transsexual, who submitted penile medical procedure then she can be accused of assault, for assault is the infiltration of the penis, regardless of whether it is a precisely built penis or a characteristic one. It doesn't make a difference the sexual orientation of who is assaulted or that of the attacker . Those with precisely built vaginas can likewise be assaulted according to R v Matthews . Thirdly, the actus reus for assault is not, at this point unlawful sex. In the past Sexual Acts 1956 and 1976 unlawful intercourse was the actus reus. Unlawful implied sex outside of marriage. This was found to be a customary law activity according to R v R , and was abrogated. Presently a spouse can assault his better half. The actus reus for assault as per the Sexual Offenses Act 2003 is infiltration . As per this demonstration with the end goal for it to be assault a few components must be meet. Initially, it must be demonstrated that the vagina, butt or mouth was purposefully entered by the respondent. The mens rea for assault is the purposeful infiltration. Once infiltrated it is imagined that aim is there except if the entrance is insignificant. All things considered it very well may be contended that the litigant just â€Å"meant to remain on the outside† . Inebriation can't be utilized as a safeguard according to R v Woods , because of the way that assault is as yet a wrongdoing of fundamental aim. Before this demonstration the actus reus for assault was unlawful intercourse (outside marriage)it is currently infiltration. Segment 79(2) characterizes infiltration as â€Å"a proceeding with act from passage to withdrawal ,† according to Cooper v Schaub . For it to be infiltration full section isn't fundamental. Subsequently, the vagina incorporates the vulva this is clarified in segment 79(9), which just expresses that â€Å"Vagina incorporates vulva † according to R v Tarmohammed the penis ought to be expelled if anytime assent is pulled back. This carries me to my next point that of assent. Besides, it must be resolved whether the casualty gave assent. Segment 74 characterizes assent as â€Å" an individual uninhibitedly concurring by decision and who has the opportunity and ability to settle on that decision . The expression ability to settle on a decision is a precarious expression particularly in the event that one is managing an individual with a psychological issue. To help explain this in the Offenses identified with people with a psychological issue segment 30(2) is utilized. Thi s states: â€Å"B can't cannot if †He does not have the ability to pick whether to consent to the contacting (regardless of whether since he needs adequate comprehension of the nature or potential results of what is being done, or for some other explanation), or he can't convey such a decision to A. Consequently on the off chance that one doesn't comprehend the total idea of the demonstration, at that point they can't assent according to R v Williams . More explanation on whether a lady has assented is given by areas 75 and 76 of the Sexual Offenses Act 2003. These segments each contain an assumption about assent. Area 75 contain evidential assumption which might be tested by the respondent, while, segment 76 can't be tested as it is convincing assumptions . The evidential weight isn't a weight of verification; it essentially implies that the litigant needs to give some proof that underpins his case. Segment 75 states: â€Å"(1) If in procedures for an offense to which this segment applies it is proved†(a) that the respondent did the applicable demonstration, (b) that any of the conditions indicated in subsection (2) existed, and (c) that the litigant realized that those conditions existed, † If (a), (b), and (c) are demonstrated by the indictment then it tends to be accepted that the casualty didn't agree to the demonstration nor did the guilty party sensibly accept that he had assent. In the event that the adjudicator doesn't imagine that the proof is sufficient to raise an issue then the jury is told to take a gander at sectio

Personal Response on Sexual Identity Free Essays

I am guided by the quest for joy since I want to make the right decision as opposed to what is ideal. I answer to my hunch or tune in to my heart maybe. Was raised to do what Is best for me and not for any other person, and have likewise encouraged myself lament nothing that I do yet take in and develop from my missteps. We will compose a custom exposition test on Individual Response on Sexual Identity or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now I likewise identify with the worth realism, which may appear as though I repudiate myself however now and then I do stop and consider the results before I act as opposed to living at the time. From quite a while ago, I have committed some horrible errors and has made me need to be increasingly careful about specific circumstances I go over. I accept that I will consistently identify with these qualities. Basic Thinking and Sexual Decision Making People may not realize that they utilize basic reasoning each time they settle on a sexual choice, however I realize that It Is so critical to thoroughly consider a sexual choice before settling on a choice. I would see myself as a cynic significantly after this class. Being a cynic implies that I need to address anything identified with sexual exercises. I think that its critical to consider the results before settling on a choice since I can abstain from committing errors. A period that I needed to utilize basic reasoning was the point at which I was concluding whether to lose my virginity or not. That choice was not something that I could pick immediately but rather would take me some time to consider the outcomes. It was my choice at last to make, and nobody could enable me to choose. Basic reasoning is an unquestionable requirement whenever you are going to settle on a life changing choice. Sex Identity Gender character is the confidence where you genuinely are. Before we are conceived we are given a sex task, in light of the inside and outer organs we have in the belly. As e grow up, we realize whom we are and figure out which sexual orientation we concur with. More often than not we relate to the sexual orientation we were doled out with when In the belly or after birth. There are times that Individuals pick the contrary sex than the one they were doled out. Variables that help decide sexual orientation personality is hereditary elements, social components and natural elements. Among man and lady, 23 chromosomes are joined to make up the hereditary code. The egg bearers the X sex chromosome and the sperm can convey either the X or Y sex chromosome. This is the sex task and generally the sex the vast majority distinguish as. Social elements help they raised you as a kid, you would in all probability recognize yourself as a kid. Additionally, your companions can affect how you decide your sex personality. On the off chance that one needs to fit in, the person in question may attempt to distinguish as the sexual orientation that their companions may be. Ecological elements can help decide your sexual orientation personality by normally molding you into whom you trust you are. Individuals experience numerous circumstances that can affect your sexual orientation distinguish. The variables that have influenced my sexual orientation personality are hereditary elements, natural elements and social elements. During childbirth, it was resolved that I m a young lady as a result of my inner and outer organs I have. Social and ecological components decided my sexual orientation personality on the grounds that my folks raised me dependent on my sex task. My folks and our general public instructed me that there was just a single way. Which in fact implied that I had nothing to do with my sex personality since I was conceived as a young lady I was to stay a young lady. The factor that most causes me to decide my sexual orientation personality was the social factor of my folks raising me as I was intended to be. Manliness and Femininity On the continuum of manliness gentility, I fall near the center yet nearer to Minnie. I like to get spruced up and be â€Å"girl’ with cosmetics and satchels, yet I additionally prefer to hang with the folks and watch football and drink a brew. I would not say I am manly at all, yet I do have manly propensities on the grounds that I’m not hesitant to get grimy. I grew up with the two guardians so I would state they adjusted my ladylike and manly characteristics. They showed me the significant pieces of being ladylike and manliness. My mom instructed me to act like a woman, and my dad showed me how to replace a tire. Fascination There are three segments of engaging quality; they are mentality, physical fascination ND correspondence. The principal thing somebody sees about someone else is their physical appearance. What makes an individual need to assist the relationship is their mentality. On the off chance that they see the demeanor as alluring, odds are they will attempt to promote the relationship. Correspondence is when the two gatherings need something very similar and will cooperate to make their relationship an enduring one. The factor that is generally critical to me would be a demeanor in light of the fact that while physical fascination is the primary thing I notice, disposition is the segment that makes me need to follow up on my sentiments. On the off chance that somebody doesn't have a decent demeanor or a comparable mentality as mine, I won't discover the person in question alluring. Styles of Love The styles of adoration that are steady in my life right currently are sentimental love, possessive energized love and kinship. Sentimental love has consistently been a steady in my life since I am a sweetheart. At the point when I begin to look all starry eyed at, I fall hard. Sentimental love is most likely the most genuine love today. Possessive energized love is a style of affection that I find in my life today. Despite the fact that my beau and I are not possessive, we have a great deal of energy in our relationship. The fervor to see each other following a difficult day of work or the energy to have a night out on the town keeps our relationship solid. Before my sweetheart and I chose to be seeing someone, were extremely incredible companions. We fortified quickly and got along well indeed. At the point when I began to want to be companions was insufficient for me, I needed to tell him. Verifiable and Scientific Perspectives on Homosexuality is the point at which an individual is pulled in explicitly or impractically to individuals of in our general public we have individuals who challenge gays having equivalent rights, for example, charge. Obviously, our general public has made some amazing progress with heteros battling nearby the gay people for the their privileges. Authentic and logical points of view have molded the manner in which I see my sexual direction and myself. Truly, gay practices were either done stealthily or thought about yet avoided. Gay people were looked down on and seen as detestations. In the past people who were blamed for homosexuality were indicted by the â€Å"Office of the Night†, which was a gathering of Christians who felt contrarily on gay people. In today’s society, gay people don't need to shroud that they are gay since they can not be sentenced for whom they are. Shockingly, there are still people out there that don't concur with homosexuality. There is as yet the capability of gay people being annoyed by those people. Despise violations are as yet regular in our general public. I am not gay, however I do have gay loved ones, and I don't take a gander at them any in an unexpected way; rather I remain next to them and shield them from any despise that comes their direction. History has just instructed me that we have to battle for the rights and that I should be consistent with myself. Logical points of view have looked into the chance of hereditary qualities and emotional wellness being the reason for homosexuality. They have concentrated family trees to decide whether homosexuality can be gone down through ages. They just found that the X chromosome could impact sexual direction. The analysts have additionally considered the cerebrum and the likelihood that homosexuality can be brought about by a dysfunctional behavior or the like. Logical viewpoints have not considered my sexual direction. I am straight since I decide to be. I accept that anybody ought to have the option to adore whoever they need without being Judged for it. Fetus removal When I was more youthful I generally thought premature birth wasn't right since it was ending an existence of a child. As I grew up and found out additional, I understood I was settling on my choice on premature birth dependent on others thoughts of fetus removal. I got mindful of fetus removal when a companion of mine in secondary school had a premature birth in the wake of engaging in sexual relations once. I comprehended why she would need a premature birth on account of being in secondary school and she had as long as she can remember in front of her. Her family was exacting, and she was stressed over her folks repudiating her. Step by step instructions to refer to Personal Response on Sexual Identity, Papers

Is the purpose of prisons to punish criminals, or to help them Essay

Is the reason for jails to rebuff crooks, or to support them - Essay Example In any case, there are a few situations when discipline is applied as the best system in tending to lawbreakers. This paper will investigate factors that should provoke detainment facilities to display endeavors towards restoring detainees. The paper will likewise dissect why the corrective methodology demonstrates progressively proficient in certain circumstances. There are numerous speculations created to clarify why jails should concentrate on restoring crooks instead of rebuffing them. A large portion of these speculations encompass a nearby examination of the variables that provoked a person to enjoy wrongdoing (Binder 2013, p. 296). A mental examination of the elements that brief a person to enjoy wrongdoing uncovers that the individual in question may experience successful treatment through rehabilitative projects, henceforth expanding the odds of changing the person. Without question, there is a current intricacy of the components that persuade individuals towards wrongdoing. These complexities possibly appear to trigger debate while thinking about the viability of recovery of lawbreakers (Bierschbach and Bibas 2013, p. 407). In the event that jails are to support lawbreakers, they should embrace a specific demeanor and have the confidence that it is conceivable to recover the hoodlums to the correct track. One motivation behind why crooks are secured penitentiaries is to shield the general population from further crimes. Consequently, helping crooks in jail focuses to assist them with changing and avoid wrongdoing. Endeavors of recovery try to change over crooks to better residents who can possibly contribute decidedly to the achievement of the general public. After the compelling change, at that point detainment facilities can discharge the changed hoodlums back to the general public (Bierschbach and Bibas 2013, p. 411). After discharge into the general public, there is the requirement for positive reintegration by different individuals from the general public. Governments that emphasis on

The Different Forms of Marijuana

The Different Forms of Marijuana Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print The Different Forms of Marijuana By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 07, 2020 Nastasic / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Marijuana is a product of the hemp plant (cannabis sativa) and appears as a green, brown, or gray mixture of dried, shredded leaves, stems, seeds, and flowers. Stronger forms of marijuana include  sinsemilla (sin-seh-me-yah, a Spanish word), hashish (hash for short), and resins like hash oil, wax (similar to lip balm), and shatter (an amber colored solid), which contain high doses of the active ingredients. You may hear marijuana called by street names such as pot, herb, weed, grass, boom, Mary Jane, gangster, or chronic. There are more than 200 slang terms for marijuana. Other Forms of Marijuana With the advent of legalized marijuana for medical and recreational purposes in some states has come the development of other types of products that contain marijuana. Some people vaporize it with a vape pen, while still others smoke marijuana cigars, called blunts. There are edible marijuana products with marijuana or marijuana oils cooked into or infused into them. Marijuana oil is used to produce all kinds of edible products from cookies and cakes to gummy bears and chocolate bars. Marijuana oils can be added to all kinds of beverages, from sodas and energy drinks to teas and elixirs. Sprays,  and Tinctures There are also flavored marijuana sprays that can be sprayed directly under your tongue for a quick high, or sprayed on marijuana joints and blunts. Marijuana tincturesâ€"marijuana in a solution of alcoholâ€"can also be used under your tongue to produce a fast-action, intense high. We have come a long way from the day when the vast majority of raw marijuana was rolled into joints or stuffed into pipes. All Forms Are Mind-Altering All forms of marijuana are mind-altering. In other words, they change how your brain works by attaching to molecules on the brain and activating them, typically creating the effects of euphoria, relaxation, and a sharper perception of things like colors, smells, and sounds. For some people, the effects are unpleasant and may result in paranoia, fear, panic, or anxiety. All forms of marijuana also contain delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active chemical, as well as more than 500 other chemicals. Marijuanas effects on the user depend on the strength or potency of the THC it contains. The potency of marijuana has increased since the 1970s but has been about the same since the mid-1980s, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Marijuana Use Disorder Like any substance, using marijuana can lead to a marijuana use disorder, which may involve dependence or addiction. In fact, ?recent research shows that 30 percent of people who use marijuana may have some sort of marijuana use disorder. Dependence You feel withdrawal symptoms when not using, including irritability, feeling restless, craving marijuana, decreased appetite, trouble sleeping. Addiction You are unable to stop using marijuana, even if it interferes with your social, family, work or school, or financial life. If you think you may have a marijuana use disorder, its important to seek help from a healthcare provider. How Can You Get Help for Marijuana Addiction?

Branding and Development of Customer Loyalty - Free Essay Example

THE ROLE OF BRAND IN DEVELOPINING CUSTOMER LOYALTY INTRODUCTION 1.1 Nature of Assignment My project is about The Role of Brand in the Development of Customer Loyalty. Its the part of MBA and it is the requirement of my institute, THE UNIVERSITY OF WALES, for the completion of our degree. The purpose of project is to determine the role of brand in the development of customer loyalty. After completion of this project I can easily understand that how brand helps in the development of customer loyalty. I am doing work on this project to collect data and other relevant information to build a relation between role of brand and customer loyalty and to prove that brand plays an important role in the development of customer loyalty. It is my project which is being supervised by a senior person allocated by my institute. In order to make my project more reliable field data will also be collected and analyzed. Data from the pre-research on this topic will also be studied to make my project well designed and easily understandable. From the company point of view my research work will be helpful to understand the relationship between brand and customer loyalty. 1.2 The Rationale for this Study * Literature review has proved that customer loyalty affects by brand. * Different work on this topic has been done which is in chapter# 2. * It is a moralize agreement that brand affects customer loyalty. * I will try to test this claim that the role of brand in the development of customer loyalty with the help of this project using primary and secondary research. * In UK context it would be useful contribution towards this field. * This research will be helpful in understanding the role of brand in the development of customer loyalty. * In local environment findings from this project will be used in number of groups including companies, scholars and also researchers. 1.3 Brand In marketing, a brand is a collection of feelings toward an economic producer. Feelings are created by the accumulation of experiences with the brand, both directly relating to its use, and through the influence of advertising, design, and media commentary. A brand is a symbolic embodiment of all the information connected to a company, product or service. A brand serves to create associations and expectations among products made by a producer. A brand often includes an explicit logo, fonts, color schemes, symbols, which are developed to represent implicit values, ideas, and even personality. Concepts Some marketers distinguish the psychological aspect of a brand from the experiential aspect. The experiential aspect consists of the sum of all points of contact with the brand and is known as the brand experience. The psychological aspect, sometimes referred to as the brand image, is a symbolic construct created within the minds of people and consists of all the information and expectations associated with a product or service. The nicest approach to brand building considers the conceptual structure of brands, businesses and people. 1.4 Brand Loyalty Brand loyalty is the ultimate goal a company sets for a branded product. Brand loyalty is a consumers preference to buy a particular brand in a product category. It occurs because consumers perceive that the brand offers the right product features, images, or level of quality at the right price. This perception becomes the foundation for a new buying habit. Basically, consumers initially will make a trial purchase of the brand and, after satisfaction, tend to form habits and continue purchasing the same brand because the product is safe and familiar. Brand loyalists have the following mindset: * I am committed to this brand. * I am willing to pay a higher price for this brand over other brands. * I will recommend this brand to others. Importance of Brand Loyalty There are three main reasons why brand loyalty is important: Higher Sales Volume The average United States Company loses half of its customers every five years, equating to a 13% annual loss of customers. This statistic illustrates the challenges companies face when trying to grow in competitive environments. Achieving even 1% annual growth requires increasing sales to customers, both existing and new, by 14%. Reducing customer loss can dramatically improve business growth and brand loyalty, which leads to consistent and even greater sales since the same brand is purchased repeatedly. Premium Pricing Ability Studies show that as brand loyalty increases, consumers are less sensitive to price changes. Generally, they are willing to pay more for their preferred brand because they perceive some unique value in the brand that other alternatives do not provide. Additionally, brand loyalists buy less frequently on cents-off deals these promotions only subsidize planned purchases. Retain Rather than Seek Brand loyalists are willing to search for their favorite brand and are less sensitive to competitive promotions. The result is lower costs for advertising, marketing and distribution. Specifically, it costs four to six times as much to attract a new customer as it does to retain an old one. 1.5 Customer Loyalty When a consumer finds that a particular brand is delivering the best products and services for him and that brands solves his problems with their products, he begins to identify that brand with a certain quality and develops a loyalty for it. In fact, if you have a customer who is committed to your brand, chances are that he will choose your product or service over the others that are available in the market. Customer loyalty plays a major role in making your business successful. If you are capable of retaining as much as 5% of your old customer base, then your business can grow up to 75%. Another great thing about your old customers who rely on you is that they will tell their friends, family and acquaintances about your products and services. In this manner, your business will get the best kind of advertising possible. Similarly, a customer who does not like your products might do some negative marketing for you, so you need to be on your toes and ensure that all your customers are satisfied with you. This will help you convert your prospective customers to your clients. 1.6 The Role of Brand in the Development of Customer Loyalty In order to keep your old customer base alive and loyal towards your brand. You need to have something unique about your brand. If you are able to have a unique feature that your customers love, then chances are that your customers will stick to your company and even tell others about it. The key is to develop this USP or Unique Selling Point in order to entice the customers and keep them loyal. If your customer is aware of your USP and benefits from it, you will get a brand loyalty that will be enough to keeps your business booming. Customer loyalty is more than simple repurchasing, however. Customers may repurchase a brand due to situational constraints, a lack of viable alternatives, or out of convenience. Such loyalty is referred to as spurious loyalty. True brand loyalty exists when customers have a high relative attitude toward the brand which is then exhibited through repurchase behavior. This type of loyalty can be a great asset to the firm. Customers are willing to pay higher prices, they may cost less to serve, and can bring new customers to the firm. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW To determine the role of brand in the development of customer loyalty some articles have been studied. After studying these articles we came to know that how much research has been done by different persons on this topic. Previous research putts light on different kinds of factors related to development of customer loyalty that how customer loyalty can be measured and how properly or effectively brand can be managed and implemented. And what models can be used to make a particular brand more successful. Previous research also explains that what factors are responsible for the decline of a brand. So we came to know about loyalty that a customers loyalty can be determined by studying that how repetitively customer make purchasing of products of a particular brand when some others alternatives are available to customers. Several studies have been conducted in this area following are the list of some key articles and a brief description will be given following. 2.1 Summaries of Articles 1st article is about Brand Loyalty which is being studied by Nancy Giddens, Agricultural Extension Value Added Marketing Specialist. Brand Loyalty has been proclaimed by some to be the ultimate goal of marketing. In marketing, brand loyalty consists of a consumers commitment to repurchase the brand and can be demonstrated by repeated buying of a product or service or other positive behaviors such as word of mouth advocacy. True brand loyalty implies that the consumer is willing, at least on occasion, to put aside their own desires in the interest of the brand. Brand loyalty is more than simple repurchasing, however. Customers may repurchase a brand due to situational constraints, a lack of viable alternatives, or out of convenience. Such loyalty is referred to as spurious loyalty. True brand loyalty exists when customers have a high relative attitude toward the brand which is then exhibited through repurchase behavior. This type of loyalty can be a great asset to the firm: customers are willing to pay higher prices, they may cost less to serve, and can bring new customers to the firm. For example, if Joe has brand loyalty to Company A he will purchase Company As products even if Company Bs are cheaper and/or of a higher quality. This article is about decline of brands by James Surowiecki. The truth is weve always overestimated the power of branding while underestimating consumers ability to recognize quality. When brands first became important in the US a century ago, it was because particular products Pillsbury flour or Morton salt offered far more reliability and quality than no-name goods. Similarly, many (and arguably most) of the important brands in American history Gillette or Disney became successful not because of clever marketing, but because they offered something you couldnt get anywhere else. (Gillette made the best razors; Disney made the best animated movies.) Even Nike first became popular because it made superior running shoes. Marketers looked at these companies and said they were succeeding because their brands were strong. In reality, the brands were strong because the companies were succeeding. Over time, certain brands came to connote quality. They did provide a measure of insurance which in turn made firms less innovative and less rigorous. (Think of the abominable cars General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler made in the late 1960s through the 1970s remember the Pinto? in part because they assumed that they had customers for life.) That sense of protection is eroding in industry after industry, and instead of a consumer economy in which success is determined in large part by name, its now being determined by performance. The aristocracy of brand is dead. Long live the meritocracy of product. This article is about customer engagement by Richard Sedley. Customer Engagement refers to the engagement of customers with one another, with a company or a brand. The initiative for engagement can be both consumer- or company-led and the medium of engagement can be on or offline. A customers degree of engagement with a company lies in a continuum that represents the strength of his investment in that company. Positive experiences with the company strengthen that investment and move the customer down the line of engagement. This article is about Brand Engagement by Watson Wyatt. Brand Engagement is a term loosely used to describe the process of forming an attachment (emotional and rational) between a person and a brand. It comprises one aspect of brand management. What makes the topic complex is that brand engagement is partly created by institutions and organizations, but is equally created by the perceptions, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of those with whom these institutions and organizations are communicating or engaging with. As a relatively new addition to the marketing and communication mix, brand engagement sits in the space between marketing, advertising, media communication, social media, organizational development, internal communications and human resource management This article is on Brand management by Neil H. McElroy. Brand management is the application of marketing techniques to a specific product, product line, or brand. It seeks to increase the products perceived value to the customer and thereby increase brand franchise and brand equity. Marketers see a brand as an implied promise that the level of quality people have come to expect from a brand will continue with future purchases of the same product. This may increase sales by making a comparison with competing products more favorable. It may also enable the manufacturer to charge more for the product. The value of the brand is determined by the amount of profit it generates for the manufacturer 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research methodology will be discussed in the following section. 3.1 Theoretical Framework The dependent variable, customer loyalty of branded casual wear companies depend upon two independent variables which are price and awareness. Most of the people in Pakistan belong to middle class and they prefer to buy products of low price with good quality. So poor quality of these companies has affected its sale as well as customer loyalty. We know that awareness of any product plays an important role to increase or decrease the customer loyalty. The quality and comfort of branded products are close to local brands. Similarly the awareness of the branded casual wearing is low because of less impressive advertisement. So, it is clear that the sale and customer loyalty is low because of high price and unawareness. 3.2 Research Objectives Following are the objectives of this study: 1. To determine the importance of branding in creating customer loyalty. 2. To identify the characteristics of a brand that help in brand loyalty. 3. To investigate the reasons for brand preference. 4. How brand loyalty can be developed? 5. What makes the customer loyal? 6. To make recommendations for developing customer loyalty through branding. 3.3 Operationalization Customer Loyalty In this, we will measure the customer loyalty whether the people are buying it or not and why. We have price and awareness as an independent variable and we will measure customer loyalty for different types of the branded casual wearing. Awareness Awareness is an independent variable and we will measure it by the following indicators: i) By asking the people whether they are aware or not. ii) If yes, then from which media vehicle they became aware of it e.g. Newspapers, Magazines, T.V, Radio, Bill boards, word of mouth etc. Methodology Used To perform this task, research was conducted in such a way that reflected the awareness towards branded casual wearing. The primary source of data collection was used and the instrument for data collection was personally administered Questionnaire. This questionnaire was administered personally due to sampling information, administrative control, and helping the respondents in answering technical questions. The population of the research consists of ultimate consumers. Therefore Convenience Sampling technique was used. 3.4 Research Design The purpose of this research was to establish the relationship between independent variables high price awareness and the dependent variable customer loyalty. This is a field study because it examined the relationship between the variables. For this purpose questionnaire was developed to get response of the people. Neither the variables were controlled nor was artificial setting created for the study. The unit of analysis for this study is an individual and tool of data collection is questionnaire. For data collection we have used convenience sampling technique. Procedure Used Standardized questionnaire was designed for consumers. The questionnaire was developed in order to make it comprehensive, so as to enable the researcher to collect all needed information from consumers. The questionnaires was distributed and filled in by the consumers. Methods of Data Collection Population consisting of people who are using the branded casual wears were considered for the collection of data. Survey questionnaire was thus used to collect data from respondents in different areas and University of the Central Punjab. Tool for Data Collection Tool to collect data was survey questionnaire which was very carefully designed. It consisted of all the types of questions i.e. dichotomous questions and multiple choices. So as to acquire in depth knowledge from the consumers about the research problem. After preparation of questionnaire, it was shown to kind teacher for changes in it. Pre-testing After developing and getting it approved, 5 copies of the questionnaire were filled out by the senior students of the University. The respondents faced only few problems which were then replaced and made it easier and comprehensive. After pre-testing 50 copies were again distributed among the public and students. Sampling Techniques We have selected the samples which gave maximum representatives of target market. These samples gave more reliable and accurate information because they are end users of branded casual wears and can provide better information about research problem. Nature of the Study The research study was applied research because it was performed to find solution of problem. Why customer loyalty of branded casual wears is lower. After finding solution of problem, companies implement it to rectify problem situation. Purpose of Study The research has two main purpose first purpose is aimed at to be completed as a requirement of course. Second purpose was to study the impact of important factors that affect customer loyalty of branded casual wears. Some of important factors to be studied were: * Demographic factors like age, income occupation * Quality * Price * Brand name * Availability * Advertisement All these factors were studied to find out all possible ways to maintain and to improve factors such as availability, quality, price, advertisement etc. Study Setting This is a field study because it examined attitude and behavior of the people towards low demand for branded casual wears. For this purpose we had surveyed different areas and got filled in the questionnaires from students. Variables were neither controlled nor manipulated and no artificial setting was created for the study. Time Horizon The data for this research was collected over one month period. Field Work We had 50 sample sizes. We went to the commercial and business areas to fill this questionnaire. The areas consisted of Green heith markets and white city commercial markets. During our field work, we faced a few problems like negative responses from the respondents. Some of the persons hesitated refused to fill questionnaire. But we faced all problems boldly as a good researcher. 3.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH STUDY Our research has following limitations: 1) Lack of time 2) Cost for collecting data. 3) Sample size is small. 4. ANALYSIS OF SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE, INTERPRETATION OF DATA AND TABULATION REPRESENTATION TABLE NO.1 Do you prefer branded clothes? Response Frequency %age Yes 41 82% No 9 18%_ Total 50 100__ According to our analysis 82% respondents preferred branded clothes while 18% respondents out of our selected samples did not prefer branded clothes. So our analysis shows that majority of the people prefer branded clothes. TABLE NO.2 Brand is important for which item of clothing? Items Frequency %age Shirt 10 20% Jeans 22 44% Casual wears 18 36% Total 50 100% 20% of respondents preferred branded shirts, 44% of respondents preferred branded jeans while 36% of respondents preferred branded casual wears. So according to our analysis its clear that majority of people prefer branded jeans. TABLE NO.03 Why do you prefer branded clothes? Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Total High Quality 24 (48%) 18 (36%) 6 (12%) 2(4%) 50 Comfort 26 (52%) 15 (30%) 8 (16%) 1 (2%) 50 Durability 25 (50%) 18 (36%) 5 (10%) 2 (4%) 50 This graph shows that 48% respondents are strongly agreed, 36% respondents are agreed, 12% respondents are disagreed and 4% respondents are strongly disagreed that they prefer branded clothes due to high quality. 52% respondents are strongly agreed, 30% respondents are agreed, 16% respondents are disagreed and 2% respondents are strongly disagreed that they prefer branded clothes due to comfort. 50% respondents are strongly agreed, 36% respondents are agreed, 10% respondents are disagreed and 4% respondents are strongly disagreed that they prefer branded clothes due to durability. So majority of people prefer branded clothes due to comfort. TABLE NO.04 Which of the following element is important for your choice of the branded item? Elements Frequency %age Product features 31 62% Price 14 28% Promotion 04 08% Placement 01 02% Total 50 100_ This graph shows that 62% respondents preferred product features, 28% respondents preferred price, 8%respondents preferred promotion and 2% preferred placement for the choice of branded items. So our analysis shows that product feature is the most important element for the choice of branded items. TABLE NO.05 Approximately, how many times do you buy your clothes? Buying Period Frequency %age Once a week 02 04% Once every 2 weeks 00 00% Once a month 08 16% At the beginning of season 10 20% During the sales period 00 00% During the Christmas Festivities 00 00% As the need arise 15 30% Occasionally 13 26% Rarely 02 04% Others 0 00% Total 50 100% This graph shows that 30% respondents are used to buy clothes as the need arises. So majority of people go to buy clothes as the need arises. TABLE NO.06 From where do you usually buy clothes? By the use of Frequency %age Catalogues 05 10% Magazines 07 14% Internet 03 06% Open Market 35 70%__ Total 50 100%_ Above graph shows that 70% of respondents prefer to buy from open market. 6% respondents through internet, 14% respondents use magazine and 10% respondents use catalogues to buy clothes. So majority of people go to buy clothes from open market. TABLE NO.07 How influential is advertising in your purchase of branded wears? Advertising Frequency %age Very Influential 09 18% Influential 22 44% Slightly Influential 10 20% Not Influential 07 14% Dont Know 02 04%_ Total 50 100__ Above graph shows that 18% of respondents are much influenced, 44% are influenced, 20% are slightly influenced, 14% are not influenced by advertising to purchase branded clothes while 4% of respondents do not know about it. So our analysis shows that majority of people are influenced by advertising to purchase branded clothes. TABLE NO.08 If a company wants to advertise to you, which of the following medium would be most effective in gaining consumers? Medium Frequency %age TV 24 48% Radio 00 00% Magazines 10 20% Newspaper 01 02% Billboards 11 22% Internet 03 06% Others 01 02% Total 50 100% 48% respondents told that T.V is the most effective advertising media. So our analysis shows that majority of people are influenced by advertising through T.V. TABLE NO.09 How influential is a celebrity endorsement in your decision to purchase branded clothes? Celebrity Frequency %age Very Influential 05 10 Influential 15 30 Slightly Influential 13 26 Not Influential 12 24 Dont Know 05 10 Total 50 100 30% respondents told that they are influenced by a celebrity to make their decisions to purchase branded clothes. So our analysis shows that branded clothes should be advertised through a celebrity. TABLE NO.10 How influential are other consumers opinions of a brand in your perception of that brand? Other Consumers Opinion Frequency %age Very Influential 14 28 Influential 19 38 Slightly Influential 12 24 Not Influential 02 4 Dont Know 03 6 Total 50 100 This graph shows that 38% respondents are influenced by other peoples opinion. So company should achieve more and more market reputation. Table No.11 When buying clothes, you: Buying clothes Frequency %age Go directly in a particular shop 31 62 Go round in various shops 19 38 Total 50 100.00 62% respondents go directly to purchase branded clothes in a particular shop while 38% respondents go round in various shops. So a company should have more physical outlets to capture market. Table No.12 How would you rate the following statements? Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree I wear only well known brands 6 30 9 5 I buy clothes depending on their colors 8 31 6 5 I buy styles that suit me rather than what is fashionable 15 31 3 1 I only buy the style that my friends wear 3 15 23 9 I only buy the latest fashion as long as they suit me 16 20 12 2 I create my own fashion rather than follow it 4 27 14 5 I tend to stick to classic styles that wont date 1 26 19 4 I wear only clothes that are widely available 1 21 23 5 I hate going round for clothes and I let others buy my clothes 2 25 14 9 I search for sales and low prices 18 12 10 10 30 respondents out of 50 are agreed that they wear only well known branded clothes, 31 respondents are agreed that they buy clothes depending on their colors, 31 respondents are agreed that they buy styles that suit them rather than what is fashionable. 23 respondents are disagreed that they only buy the style that their friends wear. 20 respondents are agreed that they only buy the latest fashion as long as they suit them. 27 respondents are agreed that they create their own fashion rather than follow it. 26 respondents are agreed that they tend to stick to classic styles that wont date. 23 respondents are disagreed that they wear only clothes that are widely available. 25 respondents are agreed that they hate going round for clothes and they let others buy their clothes. 18 respondents are strongly agreed that they search for sales and low prices. Table No.13 How important would you rate the following factors in influencing the choice of clothes purchased? Almost Always Sometimes Rarely Never Fashion Magazines 8 20 11 11 Beauty Magazines 6 10 14 20 Television 18 13 15 4 Radio 9 13 14 14 Newspapers 10 25 7 8 Billboards 9 33 8 0 Cinema 8 15 8 19 Promotional Leaflets 3 20 10 17 Internet 17 12 15 6 Others 0 0 0 0 Majority of people are influenced by fashion magazines, T.V, news paper, billboards, promotional leaflets and internet while they are not influenced by beauty magazines, radio and cinema to make the choice of branded clothes. So a company should focus to advertise through T.V and billboards. TABLE NO.14 Do you think that wearing branded clothes would reflect? Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Confidence 32 17 1 0 Superior Image 14 29 5 2 Exclusivity 13 32 5 0 Snob Appeal 11 28 9 2 32 respondents are strongly agreed that wearing branded clothes show level of confidence, 29 respondents are agreed that wearing branded clothes reflect superior image. 32 respondents are agreed that branded clothes reflect exclusivity and 28 respondents told that its a snob appeal. So our analysis shows that majority of people purchase branded clothes due to high level of confidence, superior image, exclusivity and snob appeal. TABLE NO.15 Criteria used for the selection of specific brand? Selection Criteria Frequency %age Well known brand name 24 48% Brand shows the quality 18 36% Brand offers incentives 08 16% Total 50 100% The graph and its analysis show that criteria used for selection of specific brand is well known brand name. TABLE NO.16 Which brand is preferred by customer? Preferred Brand Frequency %age Offer more services 10 20% High price with high quality 26 52% Low price with high quality 14 28%_ Total 50 100% 52% respondents told that only that brand is preferred which provides high quality with high price. So a company should mainly focus on high quality. TABLE NO.17 What attracts you more to select a specific brand? Attraction Frequency %age More advertisement 06 12 Market reputation 11 22 Existing customers satisfaction 33 66 Total 50 100 66% respondents told that existing customers satisfaction attracts more to select a specific brand. So majority of people are influenced by existing customers opinion. TABLE NO.18 Why most people prefer local brand? Attraction Frequency %age Less price 26 52 Easy availability 6 12 Same features like imported brand 18 36 Total 50 100 This graph shows that most of the people prefer branded clothes due to less price. TABLE NO.19 Local brand captures market due to Attraction Frequency %age Offer more then one product under one roof 04 8 More retail outlets in every market 27 54 Not properly defined prices 19 38 Total 50 100 This graph shows that local brand capture market due to more retail outlet in every market. So companies of branded clothes should have their retail outlets in at least famous markets. TABLE NO. 20 Please indicate your top 3 favorite brands with 1 being your most preferred brand, 2 being your second and 3 being your third. _____ Old Navy 8%__ Hang Ten 22%_ Next _____ Versace _____ Lerner _____ Dollhouse _____ Lucky 4%___ Diesel 4%__ DKNY _____ Lee _____ Polo _____ Tommy Hilfiger 14%__ Nike 42% Levis _____ Express _____ Seven 6%__ Gap _____ Abercrombie and Fitch _____ Other, please specify brand name: _____________________________________ Levis, Next and Nike are the most preferred brands. TABLE N0.21 Please measure your satisfaction level with your selected brand: (Check one for each) Very Satisfied Somewhat Satisfied Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied Somewhat Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied Dont Know Colors/Washes 28 (56%) 06 (12%) 09 (18%) 02 (4%) 04 (8%) 01(2%) Durability 41 (82%) 6 (12%) 02 (4%) 01 (2%) Cut/Style** 33 (66%) 9 (18%) 8 (16%) Stitching** 44 (88%) 2 (4%) 01 (2%) 03 (6%) Sizing 46 (92%) 4 (8%) Comfort 47 (94%) 03 (6%) Pricing 9 (18%) 12 (24%) 29 (58%) 56% respondents are very satisfied with colors, 82% with durability, 66% with cut style, 88% with stitching, 92% with sizing and 94% with comfort of selected brands while 58% are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with pricing of selected brand. TABLE NO.22 AGE GROUP Age group Frequency %age Years 0-15 0 0 16 25 27 54 26 39 19 38 40 51 03 6 Above 52 01 2 Total 50 100.00 People ranging from 16 to 25 years prefer more to wear branded clothes. Table No.23 Gender Sex Frequency %age Male 39 78 Female 11 22 Total 50 100.00 This graph shows that out of 50 respondents 39 were male which contribute 78 percent and remaining 11 were female which were 22 percent. 5. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The findings and recommendations are discussed in this concluding chapter. The discussion is organized by studys objectives listed below for easy reference. 1. To determine the importance of branding in creating customer loyalty. 2. To identify the characteristics of a brand that help in brand loyalty. 3. To investigate the reasons for brand preference. 4. How brand loyalty can be developed? 5. What makes the customer loyal? 6. To make recommendations for developing customer loyalty through branding. 5.1 Importance of Branding In Creating Customer Loyalty 82% of sample respondents preferred branded clothes while 18% respondents out of our selected samples did not prefer branded clothes. So our analysis shows that majority of the people prefer branded clothes. So this analysis supports our research objective that branding is important in developing customer loyalty because majority of people preferred branded clothes. Those who did not prefer branded clothes were those who are price conscious and not focusing on quality and other features provide by branded clothes. 5.2 Characteristics that Help in Developing in Brand Loyalty 48% respondents are strongly agreed, 36% respondents are agreed, 12% respondents are disagreed and 4% respondents are strongly disagreed that they prefer branded clothes due to high quality. This analysis supports our research objectives that there are certain characteristics of brand that help in the development of brand loyalty Our research has proved that quality is one of the important characteristic which develops brand loyalty. This analysis has also proved another research objective that there are certain reasons for brand preference. Our research shows that majority of people prefer branded clothes due to high quality. 52% respondents are strongly agreed, 30% respondents are agreed, 16% respondents are disagreed and 2% respondents are strongly disagreed that they prefer branded clothes due to comfort. So according to this analysis our research objective that how brand loyalty is developed satisfies that brand loyalty can be developed by providing good quality. 50% respondents are strongly agreed, 36% respondents are agreed, 10% respondents are disagreed and 4% respondents are strongly disagreed that they prefer branded clothes due to durability. So majority of people prefer branded clothes due to comfort. This analysis also supports our research objective that characteristics of brand helps in the development of customer loyalty. Table 16 shows that 52% respondents told that only that brand is preferred which provides high quality with high price. So a company should mainly focus on high quality. This analysis also supports our research objective that characteristics of brand helps in the development of customer loyalty .Those who do not prefer quality or any other characteristics of brand are those who are unaware about the characteristics which a particular brand offers. Table 21 shows that 56% respondents are very satisfied with colors, 82% with durability, 66% with cut style, 88% with stitching, 92% with sizing and 94% with comfort of selected brands while 58% are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with pricing of selected brand. 5.3 Reasons for Brand Preference Table 7 shows that 18% of respondents are much influenced, 44% are influenced, 20% are slightly influenced, 14% are not influenced by advertising to purchase branded clothes while 4% of respondents do not know about it. This analysis answers to our research objective that an organization should focus more on advertising to make their customer more loyal. So our analysis shows that majority of people are influenced by advertising to purchase branded clothes. 48% respondents told that T.V is the most effective advertising media. So our analysis shows that majority of people are influenced by advertising through T.V. 30% respondents mentioned that they are influenced by a celebrity to make their decisions to purchase branded clothes. So our analysis shows that branded clothes should be advertised through a celebrity Table 12 shows that 30 respondents out of 50 are agreed that they wear only well known branded clothes, 31 respondents are agreed that they buy clothes depending on their colors, 31 respondents are agreed that they buy styles that suit them rather than what is fashionable. 23 respondents are disagreed that they only buy the style that their friends wear. 20 respondents are agreed that they only buy the latest fashion as long as they suit them. 27 respondents are agreed that they create their own fashion rather than follow it. 26 respondents are agreed that they tend to stick to classic styles that wont date. 23 respondents are disagreed that they wear only clothes that are widely available. 25 respondents are agreed that they hate going round for clothes and they let others buy their clothes. 18 respondents are strongly agreed that they search for sales and low prices. Majority of people are influenced by fashion magazines, T.V, news paper, billboards, promotional leaflets and internet while they are not influenced by beauty magazines, radio and cinema to make the choice of branded clothes. So a company should focus to advertise through T.V and billboards. Table 14 shows that 32 respondents are strongly agreed that wearing branded clothes show level of confidence, 29 respondents are agreed that wearing branded clothes reflect superior image. 32 respondents are agreed that branded clothes reflect exclusivity and 28 respondents told that its a snob appeal. So our analysis shows that majority of people purchase branded clothes due to high level of confidence, superior image, exclusivity and snob appeal. Our analysis shows that criteria used for selection of specific brand is well known brand name. Most of the people prefer branded clothes due to less price. Table 22 shows that People ranging from 16 to 25 years prefer more to wear branded clothes. 20% of respondents preferred branded shirts, 44% of respondents preferred branded jeans while 36% of respondents preferred branded casual wears. So according to our analysis its clear that majority of people prefer branded jeans. 5.4 Developing Brand Loyalty 62% respondents preferred product features, 28% respondents preferred price, 8%respondents preferred promotion and 2% preferred placement for the choice of branded items. So our analysis shows that product feature is the most important element for the choice of branded items. 5.5 Determinants of Customer Loyalty Table 20 shows that Levis, Next and Nike are the most preferred brands. 5.6 Recommendations for Developing Customer Loyalty through Branding 30% respondents are used to buy clothes as the need arises. So a company should create an artificial environment to create a desire. The majority of people (70%) buy clothes from the open market, 6% respondents through the Internet, 14% respondents use magazine and 10% respondents use catalogues to buy clothes. According to analysis 38% respondents are influenced by other peoples opinion. So company should achieve more and more market reputation. It supports our research objective that branding is an important factor from the organization point of view and customer loyalty can be developed by advertising on TV and associating brand with celebrity, so a company should achieve more and more market reputation by using an effective media for advertising and using a model or celebrity in advertising. Table 11 shows that 62% respondents go directly to purchase branded clothes in a particular shop while 38% respondents go round in various shops. So a company should have more physical outlets to capture market. 66% respondents told that existing customers satisfaction attract more to select a specific brand. So majority of people are influenced by existing customers opinion. Local brand captures market due to more retail outlet in every market. So companies of branded clothes should have their retail outlets in at least famous markets. 5.7 RECOMMENDATIONS * Maximum focus should be to maintain the quality level of branded clothes to make the customer more loyal. * Attention should also be given to increase and maintain the level of comfort and durability to increase the customers loyalty. * Continuously work on innovative designs in order to retain customers. * Price of the branded clothes should be reduced to develop a customer loyalty. * In order to make customer loyal and to keep in touch with customer company should focus on advertising using effective media. * Emphasize on celebrity endorsement * Company should develop a good image in the minds of customers by continuous focusing on its core competencies so that it may have a good word of mouth. * A company should have more physical out lets at least in running markets to capture market completely and to make sure of availability of its products. * More focus should be on identifying and satisfying the needs and wants of target customers. References * Miller Muir (2004) The Business of Brands, ISBN 0470862599 Examines how brands can create value for businesses * Dick, Alan S. and Kunal Basu (1994), Customer Loyalty: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22 (2), 99-113. * Recommended text book Marketing Research by Naresh K. Malhotra,Fifth edition. * Nancy Giddens, Agricultural Extension Value Added Marketing Specialist, Missouri Value-added Development Center, University of Missouri; and Amanda Hofmann, Student Research Assistant. * James Surowiecki ([emailprotected]/* */), a staff writer for The New Yorker, is the author of The Wisdom of Crowds. * Birkin, Michael (1994). Assessing Brand Value, in Brand Powe. * P. Kotler, Marketing Management (Prentice-Hall, 7th edn, 1991) * https://www.articlesnatch.com/ * https://wikipedia.com/ Questionnaire 1. My project is about The Role of Brand in the Development of Customer Loyalty. 2. Our project is the part of MBA and it is the requirement of our institute, University of Wales. 3. The purpose of project is to determine the role of brand in the development of customer loyalty. After completion of this project we can easily understand that how brand helps in the development of customer loyalty. 4. We request you for the cooperation for the successful completion of the project. 5. Expected Time to attempt the questionnaire is 7-10 minutes. Q.1 Do you prefer branded clothes? Yes ____ No _____ Q.2 Brand is important for which item of clothing? Shirt Jeans Casual wears Q.3 Why do you prefer branded clothes? Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree High quality Comfort Durability Q.4 Which of the following element is important for your choice of the branded item? Product futures Price Promotion Placement Q.5 Approximately, how many times do you buy your clothes? (Please tick where appropriate) Once a week Once every 2 weeks Once a month At the beginning of season During the sales period During the Christmas Festivities As the need arises Occasionally Rarely Others _______________________________________________ Q.6 What is the reason for your choice? ____________________________________________________ Q.7 From where do you usually buy clothes? By the use of: Catalogues Magazines Internet Open Market Others _____________________________________________ Q.8 How influential is advertising in your purchase of branded wears? Very Influential Influential Slightly Influential Not Influential Dont Know Q.9 If a company wants to advertise to you, which of the following medium would be most effective in gaining consumers? (Please check one) ____ TV ____ Radio ____Magazines ____Newspaper ____Billboards ____Internet ____Other, please specify _______________________________ Q.10 How influential is a celebrity endorsement in your decision to purchase a brand of jeans? Very Influential Influential Slightly Influential Not Influential Dont Know Q.11 How influential are other consumers opinions of a brand in your perception of that brand? Very Influential Influential Slightly Influential Not Influential Dont Know Q.12 When buying clothes, you: Go directly in a particular shop. Go round in various shops. Others ________________________________________ Q.13 How would you rate the following statements? (Please tick one box for each characteristic) Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree I wear only well known brands I buy clothes depending on their colors I buy styles that suit me rather than what is fashionable I only buy the style that my friends wear I only buy the latest fashion as long as they suit me I create my own fashion rather than follow it I tend to stick to classic styles that wont date I wear only clothes that are widely available I hate going round for clothes and I let others buy my clothes I search for sales and low prices Q.14 How important would you rate the following factors in influencing the choice of clothes purchased? (Tick one box for each characteristic) Almost Always Sometimes Rarely Never Fashion Magazines Beauty Magazines Television Radio Newspapers Billboards Cinema Promotional Leaflets Internet Others ___________________________________________________________ Q.15 Do you think that wearing branded clothes would reflect: (Tick one box for each characteristic) Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Confidence Superior Image Exclusivity Snob Appeal Q.16 Criteria used for the selection of specific brand? a) Well known brand name b) Brand shows the quality c) Brand offers incentives (discount, replacement) Q.17 Which brand is preferred by customer? a) Offer more services b) High price with high quality c) Low price with high quality Q.18 What attracts you more to select a specific brand? a) More advertisement b) Market reputation c) Existing customers satisfaction Q.19 Why most people prefer local brand? a) Price b) Less Easy availability c) Same features like imported brand Q.20 Local brand captures market due to: a) Offering more than one products under one roof b) More retail outlets in every market c) Not properly defined prices Q.21 Please indicate your top 3 favorite brands with 1 being your most preferred brand, 2 being your second and 3 being your third. _____ Old Navy _____ Hang Ten _____ Next _____ Versace _____ Lerner _____ Dollhouse _____ Lucky _____ Diesel _____ DKNY _____ Lee _____ Polo _____ Tommy Hilfiger _____ Nike _____ Levis _____ Express _____ Seven _____ Gap _____ Abercrombie and Fitch _____ Other, please specify brand name: _____________________________________ Q.22 Please measure your satisfaction level with your selected brand: (Check one for each) Very Satisfied Somewhat Satisfied Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied Somewhat Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied Dont Know Colors/Washes Durability Cut/Style** Stitching** Sizing Comfort Pricing **Cut/Style= boot cut, hip huggers, loose fit, relaxed, etc **Stitching= pocket design, thread color Q.23Please rank these age groups in order of who wears branded clothes the most? ____ 0-15 ____ 16-25 ____ 26-39 ____ 40-51 ____ 52+ Name__________________________________ Email__________________________________ Age________________ What is your gender? ___Male ___Female Occupation _____________________________ The Role of Brand in the Development of Customer Loyalty