Assessment Methods in Assessing Vocational Achievement

Reflection on different assessment methods Throughout my work with candidates I use number of different assessment methods as well as assessment categories. Assessment is a number of different methods which are used to evaluate performance and can be used measured against set criteria. I use formative assessment throughout the process so that every time I interact with the candidate I assess their achievement of LO to guide the learning process which informs my decision about the next stage of learning and assessment. When I worked though the plan with candidates and that together we feel that all LO have been covered I conduct a final summative assessment of the portfolio as a whole. I give feedback on this assessment and make†¦show more content†¦I use this method in consultation with the learner and we create a plan around the best way of performing it. Benefits †¢ Marking can be fast but some standardisation of interview procedure is needed to ensure reliability and validity. †¢ Can be useful to check the ownership of evidence - to ensure that students are familiar with things that other forms of assessment indicate that they have learned well. †¢ Virtually no scope for plagiarism †¢ Can provide a free exchange of ideas on a topic †¢ Generally used supported by other assessment methods †¢ Allows for description, evaluation and reflection †¢ Structured discussion allows for gaps to be covered †¢ The authenticity (ownership) of the product is not without doubt Disadvantages †¢ Can be too leading †¢ Can be disjointed; learners need preparation time to ensure logical flow of ideas †¢ A criticism could be that it tests communication, understanding, and capacity to think quickly under pressure. †¢ Oral work can be less stressful for some students †¢ Cultural and individual difference can result in some candidates underperforming when asked questions by figures of authority. †¢ Not suitable for assessing large amounts of subject knowledge and understanding as it not supposed to be a memory test. It is best utilised to plug knowledge gaps that have occurred in other areas of assessment. †¢Show MoreRelatedAssessment and Quality Assurance Essay examples1221 Words   |  5 PagesTraining, Assessment, Quality Assurance (6317) Qualification Information Policy Statement It has come to our attention that the acronym TAQA has been adopted by a private training provider as their company name. The TAQA acronym h as been used by City Guilds since early in 2010 to represent the group of Training Assessment and Quality Assurance qualifications which were launched in September 2010. City Guilds has no relationship with the training provider and does not in any way endorse theirRead Moreassessing the occupational competence in the work enviroment1391 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ASSESSING THE OCCUPATIONAL COMPETENCE IN THE WORK ENVIRONMENT UV30564 TRACEY HEARNE CONTENTS Page 1. Outcome 3. (c, d) Page 2. Outcome 3 continued Outcome 4. (b) Page 3-4. Outcome 4 (b) continued. Page 5. 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15 Surprising Facts About Susan B. Anthony

The 19th Amendment giving women the right to vote was named for Susan B. Anthony, as was a world record-holding ship. What else dont you know about this famous leader of the Suffrage movement? 1. She Was Not  at the 1848 Woman’s Rights Convention At the time of that first womens rights convention in Seneca Falls, as Elizabeth Cady Stanton later wrote in  her reminiscences  History of Woman Suffrage,  Anthony was teaching school in Canajoharie, in the Mohawk Valley. Stanton reports that Anthony, when she read of the proceedings, was â€Å"startled and amused† and â€Å"laughed heartily at the novelty and presumption of the demand.† Anthony’s sister Mary (with whom Susan lived for many years in adulthood) and their parents attended a woman’s rights meeting held at the First Unitarian Church in Rochester, where the Anthony family had begun attending services, after the Seneca Falls meeting. There, they signed a copy of the  Declaration of Sentiments  passed at Seneca Falls.  Susan was not present to attend. 2. She Was for Abolition First Susan B. Anthony was circulating anti-slavery petitions when she was 16 and 17 years old.  She worked for a while as the New York state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society. Like many other women abolitionists, she began to see that in the â€Å"aristocracy of sex†¦woman finds a political master in her father, husband, brother, son† (History of Woman Suffrage). She  first met Elizabeth Cady Stanton  after Stanton had attended an anti-slavery meeting at Seneca Falls. 3. She Co-Founded the New York Women’s State Temperance Society Elizabeth Cady Stanton and  Lucretia Mott’s experience of being unable to speak at an international anti-slavery meeting led to their forming the  1848 Woman’s Rights Convention at Seneca Falls. When Anthony was not permitted to speak at a temperance meeting, she and Stanton formed a women’s temperance group in their state. 4. She Celebrated Her 80th Birthday at the White House By the time she was 80 years old, even though woman suffrage was far from won, Anthony was enough of a public institution that President William McKinley invited her to celebrate her birthday at the White House. 5. She Voted in the Presidential Election of 1872 Susan B. Anthony and a group of 14 other women in Rochester, New York, registered to vote at a local barber shop in 1872, part of the New Departure strategy of the woman suffrage movement. On November 5, 1872, she cast a ballot in the presidential election. On November 28, the 15 women and the registrars were arrested. Anthony contended that women already had the constitutional right to vote. The court disagreed in  United States v. Susan B. Anthony. She was fined $100 for voting and refused to pay. 6. She Was the First Real Woman Depicted on U.S. Currency While other female figures like Lady Liberty had been on the currency before, the 1979 dollar featuring Susan B. Anthony was the first time a real, historical woman appeared on any U.S. currency.  These dollars were only minted from 1979 through 1981 when production was halted because the dollars were easily confused with quarters. The coin was minted again in 1999 to meet demand from the vending machine industry. 7. She Had Little Patience for Traditional Christianity Originally a Quaker, with a maternal grandfather who had been a Universalist, Susan B. Anthony became more active with the Unitarians later. She, like many of her time, flirted with Spiritualism, a belief that spirits were part of the natural world and thus could be communicated with.  She kept her religious ideas mostly private, though she defended the publication of  The Woman’s Bible  and criticized religious institutions and teachings that portrayed women as inferior or subordinate. Claims that she was an atheist are usually based on her critique of religious institutions and religion as practiced.  She defended the right of Ernestine Rose to be president of the National Women’s Rights Convention in 1854, though many called Rose, a Jew married to a Christian, an atheist, probably accurately. Anthony said about that controversy that â€Å"every religion — or none — should have an equal right on the platform.† She also wrote, â€Å"I distrust those people who know so well what God wants them to do because I notice it always coincides with their own desires.† At another time, she wrote, â€Å"I shall earnestly and persistently continue to urge all women to the practical recognition of the old Revolutionary maxim. Resistance to tyranny is obedience to God.† Whether she was an atheist, or just believed in a different idea of God than some of her evangelical opponents, is not certain. 8. Frederick Douglass Was a Lifelong Friend Though they split over the issue of the priority of black male suffrage in the 1860s — a split which also split the feminist movement until 1890 — Susan B. Anthony and Frederick Douglass were lifelong friends. They knew each other from early days in Rochester, where in the 1840s and 1850s, he was part of the anti-slavery circle that Susan and her family were part of. On the day Douglass died, he had sat next to Anthony on the platform of a women’s rights meeting in Washington, D.C. During the split over the 15th Amendment’s granting of suffrage rights to black males, Douglass tried to influence Anthony to support the ratification. Anthony, appalled that the Amendment would introduce the word â€Å"male† into the Constitution for the first time, disagreed. 9. Her Earliest Known Anthony Ancestor Was German Susan B. Anthony’s Anthony ancestors came to America via England in 1634. The Anthonys had been a prominent and well-educated family. The English Anthonys were descended from a William Anthony in Germany who was an engraver. He served as Chief Engraver of the Royal Mint during the reigns of Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I. 10. Her Maternal Grandfather Fought in the American Revolution Daniel Read enlisted in the Continental Army after the battle of Lexington, served under Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen among other commanders, and after the war was elected as a Whig to the Massachusetts legislature. He became a Universalist, though his wife kept praying he would return to traditional Christianity. 11. Her Position on Abortion Is Misrepresented While Anthony, like other leading women of her time, deplored abortion both as â€Å"child-murder† and as a threat to the life of women under then-current medical practice, she blamed men as responsible for women’s decisions to end their pregnancies. An often-used quote about child-murder was part of an editorial asserting that laws attempting to punish women for having abortions would be unlikely to suppress abortions, and asserting that many women seeking abortions were doing so out of desperation, not casually. She also asserted that â€Å"forced maternity† within legal marriage — because husbands were not seeing their wives as having a right to their own bodies and selves — was another outrage. 12. She May Have Had Lesbian Relationships Anthony lived at a time when the concept of â€Å"lesbian† hadn’t really surfaced. It’s hard to differentiate whether â€Å"romantic friendships† and â€Å"Boston marriages† of the time would have been considered lesbian relationships today. Anthony lived for many of her adult years with her sister Mary. Women (and men) wrote in more romantic terms of friendships than we do today, so when Susan B. Anthony, in a letter, wrote that she â€Å"shall go to Chicago and visit my new lover — dear Mrs. Gross† it’s hard to know what she really meant. Clearly, there were very strong emotional bonds between Anthony and some other women. As Lillian Falderman documents in the controversial  To Believe in Women, Anthony also wrote of her distress when fellow feminists got married to men or had children, and wrote in very flirtatious ways — including invitations to share her bed. Her niece Lucy Anthony was a life partner of suffrage leader and Methodist minister Anna Howard Shaw, so such relationships were not foreign to her experience. Faderman suggests that Susan B. Anthony may have had relationships with Anna Dickinson, Rachel Avery, and Emily Gross at different times in her life. There are photos of Emily Gross and Anthony together, and even a statue of the two created in 1896.  Unlike others in her circle, however, her relationships with women never had the permanence of a â€Å"Boston marriage.† We really can’t know for sure if the relationships were what we’d today call lesbian relationships, but we do know that the idea that Anthony was a lonely single woman is not at all the full story. She had rich friendships with her female friends. She had some real friendships with men, as well, though those letters are not so flirtatious. 13. A Ship Named for Susan B. Anthony Holds a World’s Record In 1942, a ship was named for Susan B. Anthony. Constructed in 1930 and called the  Santa Clara  until the Navy chartered it on August 7, 1942, the ship became one of very few named for a woman. It was commissioned in September and became a transport ship carrying troops and equipment for the Allied invasion of North Africa in October and November. It made three voyages from the U.S. coast to North Africa. After landing troops and equipment in Sicily in July 1943 as part of the Allied invasion of Sicily, it took heavy enemy aircraft fire and bombings and shot down two of the enemy bombers. Returning to the United States, it spent months taking troops and equipment to Europe in preparation for the invasion of Normandy. On June 7, 1944, it struck a mine off of Normandy. After failed attempts to save it, the troops and crew were evacuated and the  Susan B. Anthony  sank. As of the year 2015, this was the largest rescue on record of people from a ship without any loss of life. 14. The B Stands for Brownell Anthonys parents gave Susan the middle name Brownell.  Simeon Brownell (born 1821) was another Quaker abolitionist who supported Anthonys womens rights work, and his family may have been related to or friends with Anthonys parents. 15. The Law Giving Women the Vote Was Called the Susan B. Anthony Amendment Anthony died in 1906, so the continuing struggle to win the vote honored her memory with this name for the proposed 19th Constitutional Amendment. Sources Anderson, Bonnie S. The Rabbis Atheist Daughter: Ernestine Rose, International Feminist Pioneer. 1st Edition, Oxford University Press, January 2, 2017. Falderman, Lillian. To Believe in Women: What Lesbians Have Done For America — A History. Kindle Edition, Mariner Books, Movember 1, 2017. Rhodes, Jesse. Happy Birthday, Susan B. Anthony. Smithsonian, February 15, 2011. Schiff, Stacy. Desperately Seeking Susan. The New York Times, October 13, 2006. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. History of Woman Suffrage. Susan B. Anthony, Matilda Joslyn Gage, Kindle Edition, GIANLUCA, November 29, 2017.

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An Investigation Into The Park Of A Zoo Gorilla s...

he family of a boy who entered a Cincinnati Zoo gorilla s enclosure last weekend -- spurring zoo officials to shoot and kill the animal -- will be the focus of an investigation into the incident, Cincinnati police said Tuesday. The 3-year-old boy was dragged across a moat by the 450-pound gorilla on Saturday. After a 10-minute encounter, Cincinnati Zoo officials shot and killed the beloved and endangered gorilla, named Harambe. The boy was not seriously injured. Cincinnati police said Tuesday that their review is only regarding the actions of the parents/family that led up to the incident and not related to the operation or safety of the Cincinnati Zoo. After the review, we will determine if charges need to be brought forward, police†¦show more content†¦If not, that would warrant a formal investigation, she said. There is no time frame for looking into an incident or determining whether to open an investigation, Espinosa said. We want to ensure that we are thorough. CNN independently reviewed USDA records for the last three years, which is all that is maintained by the agency, and found nine findings where the zoo was out of compliance although none involved the gorilla exhibit. Two involving veterinary care were directly tied to the health or wellness of the animals, and seven dealt with other issues; all were resolved, according to USDA reports. Animal rights groups demands feds investigate An animal rights group announced Tuesday that it had requested an investigation by the USDA. The letter from Michael A. Budkie , executive director of Stop Animal Exploitation Now, alleges the Harambe tragedy occurred because the zoo, maintained an enclosure that violated the Animal Welfare Act, according to the letter obtained by CNN. It does not explain how the zoo violated the act. The letter from the animal rights group cites what it says are Animal Welfare Act violations and includes copies of USDA inspection reports from March 2016 and November 2014, which CNN also located independently in the USDA

All About Classification Essay Topics List

All About Classification Essay Topics List The Tried and True Method for Classification Essay Topics List in Step by Step Detail The overall format of a classification essay should consist of several normal elements. Before starting on your writing, you will need to make sure you comprehend the classification essay definition properly. To understand the objective of your classification essay, you want to understand for what sort of public you will need to write it. A superb classification essay ought to have a purchase. To assist you choose the best topics, we shall supply you with several classification essay topics that may help you construct an intriguing essay. It is essential that the essay doesn't appeal to the writer alone. Start with a fundamental thesis statement to guide you, but you should be conscious that you might have to refine it as your essay starts to take shape. The entire essay ought to be written in accordance with the thesis statement. Regardless, make sure your conclusion clearly emphasizes the objective of your classification. Locate a foundation for classification The next issue to do is to ascertain which basis you will make classification on. The concluding paragraph provides you a chance to draw together the many types and approaches you've been examining. The introductory paragraph attempts to provide a synopsis of the subject matter that's being classified. What Classification Essay Topics List Is - and What it Is Not Let's begin with the primary principles th at are crucial for classification essay writing, so it is possible to earn a conscious selection of topic in line with the categories that you want to cover. Aside from the mentioned above classification essay topics, there are lots of others which we may supply you with. An essential step in classification essay is to locate the proper categories to construct your writing around it. To aid you with your choice what things to write, classification essay topics in many categories are provided below. You're able to learn a bit more about classification and division, along with review your essay employing the links below. Our classification and division essay topics are presented here to assist you in the event you don't understand what things to write about. How to Choose Classification Essay Topics List The trick to writing an excellent classification essay lies in the capability to classify different folks, events, and things in a logical way. Rarely the work on the research papers go smoothly with no confusion, you might come to a standstill sooner or later or feel tension because of the time limitations set. Very often it becomes hard to choose one particular topic either on account of the many ideas in the student's head, or due to their com plete absence. A good deal of students forget that writing a great deal of content doesn't guarantee them success in the conclusion of their essays. The Tried and True Method for Classification Essay Topics List in Step by Step Detail Deciding on a topic is a critical issue that partly estimates final success of the job. Business is almost always a popular topic and a wonderful subject to write on. The thesis statement usually contains the topic and the way it is classified. Generally, an excellent thesis statement contains the subject of your essay and the way you're likely to classify it. When you choose a topic, don't forget about the duration of your paper. To compose a high-quality paper, you've got to understand how to pick your topic properly and utilize it to create a practical outline. It's important to keep in mind that every category ought to have a single base for classification. You're going to want to choose something you can divide into three or so categories without missing any significant category. Without proper info, you won't have the ability to pick categories. The very first category ought to be the least important category. Classification Essay Topics List Help! A last comment on every class ought to be non-repetitive and brief. You might also offer some general facts or informative details to pull in the readers. Include all the essential poi nts you have. After you develop a list of subjects you enjoy, consider ways to approach it from an intriguing angle. The Debate Over Classification Essay Topics List Starting with a fundamental thesis at the start of your work, don't hesitate to polish it later on, once your essay starts to take some shape. A few of the essays may be straight to the point and doesn't require much thinking to make the very first step of writing. Begin with an explanation of what the paper will categorize, the reasons to do so, and what exactly you intend to attain by the close of the writing. The key to writing an effective classification essay paper can be found in the use of simple measures.

The Possibility of Necessity Essay Example For Students

The Possibility of Necessity Essay Sam Vaknins Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web SitesSome things are logically possible (LP). Others are physically possible (PP) and yet others are Physically Actual (PA). The things that are logically necessary (LN) are excluded from this discussion because they constitute a meta-level: they result from the true theorems in the logical systems within which LP, PP and PA reside. In other words: the LN are about relationships between the three other categories. The interactions between the three categories (LP, PP, PA) yield the LN through the application of the rules (and theorems) of the logical system within which all four reside. We are, therefore, faced with six questions. The answers to three of them we know the answers to the other three are a great mystery. The questions are:Is every LP also PP?Is every LP also PA?Is every PP also PA?Is every PP also LP?Is every PA also LP?Is every PA also PP?Every PP must be also LP. The physical world is ruled by the laws of nature which are organized in logical systems. The rules of nature are all LP and whatever obeys them must also be LP. Whatever is PA must be PP (otherwise it will not have actualized). Since every PP is also LP every PA must also be LP. And, of course, nothing impossible can actually exist so, every PA must also be PP. That something exists implies that it must also be possible. But what is the relationship between necessity and existence? If something is necessary does it mean that it must exist? It would seem so. And if something exists does it mean that it was necessary? Not necessarily. It really depends on how one chooses to define necessity. A thought system can be constructed in which if something exists, it implies its necessity. An example: evolutionary adaptations. If an organism acquired some organ or trait it exists because it was deemed necessary by evolution. And thought systems can be constructed in which if something is of necessity it does not necessarily mean that it will exist. Consider human society. There are six modes of possibility:Logical (something is possible if its negation constitutes a contradiction, a logical impossibility). Metaphysical (something is possible if it is consistent with metaphysical necessities)Nomological (something is possible if it is consistent with scientific laws)Epistemological (something is possible if it sits well with what we already know)Temporal (something is possible if it is consistent with past truths)Something is possible if it is conceivable to a rational agentMost of these modes can be attacked on various grounds. There are impossible things whose negation would also yield a contradiction. We can commit errors in identifying metaphysical necessities (because they are a-posteriori, empirically derived). A metaphysical necessity is an objective one and is stronger than a logical necessity. Still it can be subject to an a posteriori discovery, from experience. And experience can lead to error. Scientific laws are transient approximations which are doomed to be replaced by other scientific laws as contradicting data accumulates (the underdetermination of scientific theories by data)What we already know is by definition very limited, prone to mistakes and misunderstandings and a very poor guide to judging the possibility or impossibility of things. Quantum mechanics is still considered counter-intuitive by many and against most of the things that we know (though this is a bad examples: many things that we know tend to support it, like the results of experiments in particles). The temporal version assumes the linearity of the world the past as an absolutely reliable predictor of the future. This, of course, is never the case. Things are possible which never happened before and do not sit well with past truths. .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54 , .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54 .postImageUrl , .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54 , .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54:hover , .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54:visited , .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54:active { border:0!important; } .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54:active , .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54 .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3a3e6398390a598f8cd34b79621acb54:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does the director, Steven Spielberg, create su EssayThis seems to be the strongest version but, alas, it is a circular one. We judge the possibility of something by asking ourselves (=rational agents) if it is conceivable. Our answer to the latter question determines our answer to the former a clear tautology. To answer the first three of the six questions that opened our article we need to notice that it is sufficient to answer any two of them. The third will be immediately derivable from the answers. Let us concentrate on the first and the third ones : Is every LP also PP and is every PP also PA?There seems to be a wall-to-wall consensus today that every PP is also PA. One of the interpretations to quantum mechanics (known as the Many Worlds interpretation) claims that with every measurement of a quantum event the universe splits. In one resulting universe, the measurement has occurred with a given result, in another the measurement has yielded a different result and in one of these universes the measurement did not take place at all. These are REAL universes, almost identical worlds with one thing setting them apart : the result of the measurement (its very existence in one case). By extension, any event (microcosmic or macrocosmic) will split the universe similarly. While the Many Worl ds interpretation remained in the fringes of institutionalized physics not so the possible worlds interpretation in formal logic and in formal semantics. Leibniz was ridiculed (by Voltaire) for his the best of all possible worlds assertion (God selected the best of all possible worlds because, by his nature, he is good). But he prevailed. A necessary truth logicians say today must by necessity be true in all possible worlds. When we say it is possible that something we mean to say: there is a world in which there this something exists. And this something is necessary is taken to mean : this something exists in all possible worlds. The prominent logician, David Lewis postulated that all the possible worlds are actual and are spatio-temporally separated. Propositions are designations of sets of possible worlds in which the propositions are true. A property (being tall, for instance) is not a universal but a set of possible individuals carrying this property, to whom the relevant predicate applies. Lewis demonstrated rather conclusively that is no point in using possible worlds unless they exist somewhere. A logical necessity, therefore, would be a logical proposition which is true in all the logically possible worlds. According to Lewiss S5 logical modality system, if a proposition is possible it is necessarily possible. This is because if it true in some possible world then, perforce, in every possible world it must be true that the proposition is true in some possible world. Models of T validity reasonably confine the sweep of S5 to worlds which are accessible rather to all the possible worlds. Still, all validation methods assume (axiomatically, in essence) that necessity is truth. Is every LP also PP? I think that the answer must be positive. Logic is a construct of our brains. Our brains are physical system, subject to the laws of physics. If something is LP but not PP it would not have been able to appear or to otherwise interact with a physical system. Only PP entities can interact with PA entities (such as our brains are). Thus, every logically possible thing must form in the brain. It can do so, only if it is physically possible really, only, if in some limited way, it is also physically actual. The physically possible is the blueprint of the physically actual. It is as PP (PA blueprints) that they interact with our PA brain to produce the LP (and later on, the PA). This is the process of human discovery and invention and a succinct summary of what we fondly call: civilization.

Concrete Technology and Practice

Question: This assignment is related to Concrete Technology and Practice. You have to finish assignment as per requirement. Here i have uploaded two files. Among one is related to assignment task and another is related to tests result data. You have analyse this data and then you have work on the assignment based on tests results. Marking criteria is also described in the assignment detail. Answer: Introduction This report documents the concrete mix selection in appropriate order which is going to use instead of the reinforced concrete footing. There is a bridge structure which is damaged due to the sulphate attack and this reinforced concrete footing will be used to support the concrete towers in bridge. The bridge is located in Sydney, New South Wales and named as the Anzac Bridge where the large reinforced concrete mix will be used to replace the reinforced concrete footing which will support the concrete flanking tower at Anzac Bridge. The candidate concretes test data is aligned in a spreadsheet and the appropriate concrete mix is determined from candidates concrete mixes spreadsheet. The report will try to meet the performance characteristics like checking ability of the selected concrete mix by placing into formwork section which do not have open access and also contain congested reinforcement. Second characteristics need to meet is the ability of the reinforced concrete sections which can resist high blending movement and compressive loads. And lastly, the reinforced concrete section should accomplish the standards of AS 3600 concrete section and maintain the C2 exposure. Analysis This section analyzes the data provided in spreadsheet about the concrete mix and its verified through different questions. The evaluation of these questions will try to accomplish requirement and conditions through which the construction is performed. Following sections will find the appropriate data to provide the answers of asked questions: Description of laboratory equipment and techniques required to measure the concrete properties in the spreadsheet: Concrete Slump Test: Slump Cone, temping rod (Steel) and scale of measurement are the equipment used to measure the slump of concrete (Aburawiand Swamy, 2008, p. 110). This test measures the consistency or stiffness of concrete and it also measure concretes workability with the help of above equipments. Concretes consistency or stiffness shows water quantity used in the concrete mix. Procedures of Concrete Slump Test: Frustum of cone is used in this test which is 300 mm in height and diameter of the base is 120 mm The base is placed on smooth surface, after that the container is filled with the concrete mix in three layers to test its workability. After filling the mold the top surface is rolled and screened with the help of temping rod. During entire testing the mould should be firmly held from its base so that it could not disturb while pouring concrete material. Immediately after filling and leveling the concrete, lift the cone slowly in vertical motion and then unsupported concrete become slump. The center of slumped concrete is decreased in height and its then called slump. Cone and temping rod is used to measure slump and decrease in height is noted with scale. The slump cone is shown in below picture: Types of Slump used in above Procedure: The procedure uses different types of slumps and that are based on different kinds of shapes. Different slump shape is based on the profile of the slumped concrete. True Slump:Various testsuse this true slump and concrete simply subsides in this slump by keeping more or less to shape (Akinkurolere, Jiangand Shobola, 2007, p. 413). Collapsed Slump: The concrete completely collapses in this type of slump. Both the concrete mix is too wet or highly workable and hence, it is not appropriate to take a slump test. Shear Slump: The slump is called shear slump when one-half of the cone slides down an inclined plan. Compressive strength test: When it is needed to check the reinforced concretes strength the compressive strength test is used. The equipments required for this test are compression test machine, curing tank and balance. The formula used to calculate the compressive strength of the concrete is given below: Compressive strength (kg/cm2) = Wf/Ap Wf= Maximum applied load just before load, (kg) Ap= Plan area of cube mould, (mm2) Indirect tensile strength test: This test is used to compute the indirect tensile strength of concrete material. To compute this strength the ultimate load is registered first and another thing to know is dimension of the specimen, and then the indirect tensile strength of concrete material can be calculated. The test needs to load cylindrical specimen across the circular cross section. Due to this loading a tensile deformation is caused perpendicular to that loading direction, which yields a tensile failure. Ultrasonic pulse velocity test: This Ultrasonic pulse velocity test is performed on concrete in order to assess its homogeneity and integrity. This is a recognized non-destructive test performed on reinforce concrete. With the help of this ultrasonic test different aspects of concrete are assessed and that are given below: The test assess depth of the surface cracks It assess the discontinuity in cross section such as cracks in surface, cover concrete delamination and so on. Qualitative assessment of concretes strength and concretes gradation in different location of structure members. Cylinder: The cylinder test performed on the freshly developed concrete is very easy and common test. In this test the cylinder of fresh consolidated concrete mix is prepared and it is used for test after certain time span. Cylinder is used for determining strength of the specimens and the measurement of that cylinder is 150mm diameter and 300 mm height. Every lift is filled in the cylinder after resting for two minute time span. Wire ring is fixed at the top surface of cylinder with a graduated stem and one minute settlement is allowed before recording depth of penetration. The high unstable mixture has value of 1 inch and 1/6 inch for very stable mixtures. Air Content: In order to measure the concrete properties different equipments are required. One of the significant tests for concrete measurement is air content test in concrete. The equipments like plain surface plate, Hammer, Scoop, Vessel, and Meter Gauge for pressure measuring are used to measure air content in concrete. The techniques that are used to measure air content in freshly prepared concrete are discussed here. First, Gravimetric Method; this method used to determine the air contents in the newly prepared concrete. The batch volume or measured density in freshly prepared concrete is compared with the calculated density (Binici, 2008). Second method is Volumetric Method; the test of concrete depends on displacement of air with water in a vessel of pre calibrated volume. Next one is the Pressure Method; this method uses Boyles Law for measuring air content of freshly prepared concrete. According to this law volume occupied by air is directly proportional to the pressure applied to the air. Chace Air Indicator Method; Hand held device is used in this method and collected air is liberated from small fraction of mortar. Conclusion: The report used the concrete data from spreadsheet and then determines the appropriate concrete mix is from concrete mixes spreadsheet. At very first report discussed about the equipment and techniques used to measure the different concrete properties given in spreadsheet and then that properties are used to determine different performance characteristics. The features are determined which help in enhancing the properties of a reinforced concrete member, whose surfaces is in contact with the ground and seawater. References Aburawi, M. and Swamy, R. N.2008. Influence of salt weathering on the properties of concrete.The Arabia Journal for Science and Engineering, 33(N 1B): 105115. Akinkurolere, O. O., Jiang, C. and Shobola, O. M.2007. The influence of salt water on the compressive strength of concrete.Journal of Engineering Applied Science, 2(2): 412415. Binici, H.2008. Performance of ground blast furnace and ground basaltic pumice concrete against seawater attack.Construction and Building Materials, 22(7): 15151526 Ferraris, C. F., Stutzman, P. E. and Snyder, K. A.2006.Sulfate resistance of concrete: a new approach and test, RD Serial No. 2486, Skokie, IL: Portland Cement Association (PCA). Gani, M. S.J.1997.Cement and concrete. 1st ed, 49169. England: Chapman and Hills. Hoff, G. Durability of offshore and marine concrete structures.2nd international conference(ACI SP-127), Montreal, Canada. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute. pp.3364. Kaushik, S. K. and Islam, S.1995. Suitability of seawater for mixing structural concrete exposed to a marine environment.Cement and Concrete Composites, 17(3): 177185. Kumar, S.2000. Influence of water quality on the strength of plain and blended cement concretes in marine environments.Cement and Concrete Research, 30(3): 345350. Liu, H., Tai, N. and Lee, W.2002. Effect of seawater on compressive strength of concrete cylinder reinforced by non-adhesive wound hybrid polymer composites.Composites Science and Technology, 62(16): 21312141.